面向分布式服务聚合的“天地图”总体技术架构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李志刚  蒋捷  翟永  王茜  黄蔚 《测绘信息与工程》2012,37(5):13-15

介绍了"天地图"面向分布式多节点协同服务的总体架构,以及"天地图"公共地理框架数据体系、在线服务系统、运行支持系统的内容,旨在为同类平台的研究与建设提供参考。  相似文献   

多源遥感与作物模型同化模拟作物物生长参数时空域连续变化   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

吴伶  刘湘南  周博天  李露锋  谭正 《遥感学报》2012,16(6):1173-1191

本文将遥感信息与作物模型同化实现作物生长参数的时空域连续模拟,进而监测生长参数的时空域变化.首先将作物模型WOFOST(World food studies) 与冠层辐射传输模型PROSAIL 耦合构建WOPROSAIL 模型,利用微粒群算法(PSO) 通过最小化从CCD 数据获取的土壤调节植被指数观测值SAVI(soil adjusted vegetation index) 与耦合模型得到的模拟值SAVI’之间差值优化作物模型初始参数.通过MODIS 数据反演实现参数的区域化,并将区域参数作为优化后作物模型输入参数驱动模型逐像元计算生长参数,实现生长参数的时空域连续模拟与监测,最终建立区域尺度遥感-作物模拟同化框架模型RS-WOPROSAIL .结果表明：同化模型解决了作物模型模拟空间域和遥感信息时间域的不连续问题.模型模拟的叶面积指数(LAI) 、穗重(WSO) 、地上总生物量(TAGP) 等生长参数较好地体现了水稻生长状况时空域变化,研究区水稻模拟产量与实际产量的误差为27.4% .  相似文献   

黑河绿洲区耕作影响下的土壤粒径分布及其与有机碳的关系   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张俊华  李国栋  南忠仁  肖洪浪 《地理研究》2012,31(4):608-618

选取黑河绿洲区典型土壤类型为研究对象,分析耕作对土壤粒径分布及其与土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳关系的影响。结果显示:非耕地(灰钙土、灰褐土、栗钙土)转变为耕地后,改变了10～50μm粗粉粒、50～250μm细砂粒、250～1000μm粗砂粒的含量,对<5μm的粘粒含量影响小。而风沙土变为耕地土壤后,土壤颗粒出现了细化现象。土壤粒径分布的变化也波及到了土壤颗粒与有机碳的关系,耕地与非耕地中存在异同点。相同之处在于,以50μm作为分界点,土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳、惰性有机碳与<50μm的粉粒、粘粒土壤颗粒含量呈正相关,与>50μm的砂粒呈负相关。不同之处为:耕地中土壤有机碳仅与5～10μm、10～50μm、50～250μm有关;非耕地中土壤有机碳与<1μm、1～5μm、5～10μm、10～50μm、50～250μm、250～1000μm的含量有关。分析表明,耕作是引起土壤活性有机碳增加及土壤有机碳与土壤粒径之间的关系发生变化的内在原因。  相似文献   

2009年塔里木盆地总悬浮颗粒物时空分布及无机离子浓度特征分析     

钟玉婷  刘新春  范子昂  何清 《中国沙漠》2012,32(4):1053-1061

 利用2009年塔里木盆地的塔中、铁干里克、喀什和民丰4个观测站采集的总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）观测资料,同时结合水溶性无机离子成分分析,研究了塔里木盆地TSP时空分布特征及无机离子浓度特征。结果表明:①塔中、铁干里克、喀什和民丰观测站TSP月平均质量浓度具有相同的变化趋势,峰值区都在4—5月,而低值区为11—12月,季平均质量浓度变化趋势为春季最高,夏季和秋季次之,冬季最低\.②TSP中水溶性无机离子年均总离子浓度为塔中>铁干里克>民丰>喀什;SO2-4浓度分别为总离子浓度的58％、50％、54％和51％;Ca2+浓度分别为总离子浓度的13％、16％、16％和11％;Na+浓度分别为总离子浓度的12％、13％、10％和12％;Cl-浓度分别为总离子浓度的12％、16％、11％和22％;所以硫酸盐、钙盐、钠盐及氯离子是塔里木盆地TSP中主要无机成分。③铁干里克、民丰、喀什和塔中的阴阳离子相关系数分别为0.99、0.99、0.25和0.91;阴离子平均浓度分别为阳离子平均浓度的2.57、2.12、2.15倍和3.02倍,说明4个观测站的阴阳离子都不平衡。④4个观测站SO2-4/NO-3比值远大于燃煤排放的SO2-4/NO-3的比值,所以4个观测站所在地区的固定排放源对大气环境的影响程度远大于移动排放源。  相似文献   

天津一次持续低能见度事件的影响因素分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

姚青  韩素芹  蔡子颖 《气象》2012,38(6):688-694

2009年1月天津发生了一次持续低能见度事件,从气象条件、污染演化过程和气流后向轨迹等方面分析该次事件是由以细粒子为主的灰霾天气所引起。分析表明,细粒子质量浓度是影响大气能见度的主要因素;细粒子在可吸人颗粒物中的富集,是造成持续性污染和能见度连续下降的主要原因;西南暖湿气流控制下的静稳天气有利于污染物聚集,而以大风降温为标志的冷锋过境是细粒子清除的重要机制;能见度的周期性变化主要依赖于细粒子的富集和污染物的快速清除,并且这一过程受到周期性天气系统的影响。  相似文献   

2006年北京春季气溶胶吸收系的分离研究     

潘小乐  颜鹏  汤洁 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(Z1)

A statistic regression approach was used to estimate the wavelength exponents of black carbon(BC)and dust particles,and further to separate the contributions of the two types of aerosols to the total light absorption coefficient measured in the Beijing urban area in the spring of 2006.The results show that the wavelength exponent(α)of black carbon aerosol at urban site was approximately-0.92.which is in agreement with the value of-0.8±0.2 reported in related studies.The decoupling analysis of the measured light absorption coefficients during the three floating dust periods(March 25,March 27,and April 9)demonstrates that,on average,the light absorption caused by dust particles took up about 32.8% of the total light absorption at 520 nm wavelength,and by black aerosol more than 60%.This indicates that the black carbon was still the major contributor to the total aerosol light absorption in Beijing urban area even during the floating dust periods.  相似文献   

Æolian dust deposition rates, particle-sizes and contributions to soils along a transect in semi-arid New South Wales, Australia     

STEPHEN R. CATTLE  GRANT H. MCTAINSH†  SHERWIN ELIAS 《Sedimentology》2009,56(3):765-783

The entrainment, transport and deposition of æolian dust are important processes affecting soil development at the margins of deserts. To assess accurately the impact of deposited æolian dust on soil development, it is important not only to measure total dust deposition rates, but to distinguish additions of remotely and regionally sourced dust from locally derived material as well (which should not be viewed as new soil material as it is derived from æolian re‐mobilization of an existing soil). Because of the well‐established relationship between dust particle‐size and distance travelled from source, the particle‐size distribution of deposited dusts can be used to identify the distance to probable source regions, in addition to identifying matching topsoil particle populations. Three dust traps were located along a transect of semi‐arid south‐eastern Australia, to measure æolian dust deposition rates between late 2000 and late 2001. The particle‐size distributions of selected dust deposits were measured and, with the aid of meteorological data, probable dust source regions determined. Particle‐size distributions of the topsoils at each dust trap location were also measured to determine if any dust and soil particle populations matched. Although the sampling period was relatively short, and there was relatively little dust storm activity in this part of Australia during this time, a clear pattern of diminishing total dust deposition was measured downwind along the south‐east dust path. Dust deposition rates were also moderate to low by global standards. Source regions of deposited dust were interpreted as being: (i) a combination of south‐western and local sources; (ii) a combination of north‐western and local sources; and (iii) a mixed source where dust was rained‐out. The relative importance of these sources was correlated strongly with seasonal weather conditions, although the proportion of local dust in each deposit was greater at the arid (western) end of the transect. The effects of deposited dust on soil profile development are greatest at the western and central transect locations. At the western location, a fine‐grained particle population distinctive of the south‐western and north‐western regional dusts and a coarse silt‐sized particle population characteristic of local dusts, are also present in the topsoil, altering the texture of this Arenosol derived from dune sand. At the central location, where a Calcisol has formed in lacustrine lunette sediment, local dust of the same size as the dominant silt population of the topsoil continues to be deposited, while minor topsoil populations of very fine‐grained silt match regional and long‐distance dusts deposited at the site. Deposited dust appears to have been a less important soil development factor at the more humid eastern site because of the much smaller rates of dust deposition there. Nevertheless, a minor population of very fine silt particles in the Vertisol topsoil matches long‐distance dusts deposited at the site, suggesting a small input of dust to this alluvial soil. The particle‐size methodology used here has applications in other studies of dust contributions to peri‐desert soils. In particular, particle‐size distribution ‘smoothness’ may provide an indication of whether soils have simple or complex origins.  相似文献   

Experimental insights into laser diffraction particle sizing of fine‐grained sediments for use in palaeoceanography     

LUKAS JONKERS  MAARTEN A. PRINS  GEERT‐JAN A. BRUMMER  MARTIN KONERT  BRYAN C. LOUGHEED 《Sedimentology》2009,56(7):2192-2206

Grain‐size measurements of fine‐grained sediments based on laser diffraction may contain spurious information due to the over‐estimation of the size and proportion of platy particles. Consequently, some regard the use of laser diffraction particle sizing in palaeoceanography inappropriate. Here, it is shown experimentally that such concerns are not warranted. Laser diffraction particle sizing is known to be fast, precise and allows for detailed particle sizing over a broad size range; it is therefore potentially a very powerful technique if the complications associated with it can be overcome. As most sediments are mixtures of different components transported by different mechanisms, inferences of past environmental parameters require decomposition of the grain‐size record in question. Useful decomposition can only be performed if changes in the contribution of the components are registered predictably by the measuring device. This study reports on mixing experiments which show that the Fritsch A22 laser diffraction particle sizer does indeed register small changes in the contribution of the mixing components in a predictable way. Mixing proportions estimated from the measurements do, however, differ from the initial mixing proportions, but these can be converted with only small errors. Application of the conversion equations to a North Atlantic grain‐size record that showed consistent slowdown of deep‐ocean circulation in response to millennial scale ice‐rafting events during the last glacial does not quantitatively affect the original inferences. Laser diffraction particle sizing of fine‐grained sediments therefore yields reproducible and useful data for palaeoceanographic reconstructions.  相似文献   

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) of fine quartz particles using an amine as collector     

A.H. Englert  R.T. Rodrigues  J. Rubio   《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,90(1-4):27-34

Experimental studies concerning the dissolved air flotation (DAF) of fine (d_p < 100 μm) quartz particles, using two different flotation cells (setups), are presented. Pure and well characterised quartz samples were treated with a commercial amine as collector prior to flotation and bubbles were characterised by the LTM-BSizer technique. Bubble size distribution showed 71% (by volume) and 94% (by number) of the bubbles having sizes (d_b) lower than 100 μm (i.e. microbubbles). The Sauter and arithmetic mean diameters were 79 μm and 56 μm, respectively, for the bubbles generated at 300 kPa (gauge) saturation pressure (after 30 minute saturation time). Quartz particle size distribution (obtained by laser diffraction) showed a volume-moment diameter of 13 μm. The Rosin–Rammler–Bennett, Gates–Gaudin–Schumann and log-normal distribution functions were well fitted (R² > 0.96) to the bubble size distribution and quartz particle size distribution data. Values of total quartz recovery ranging from 6% to 53% (by mass) were obtained for the DAF experiments under different collector concentrations (up to 2 mg g^− 1), with an optimal collector concentration found at 1 mg g^− 1. These results are significant considering that 27% (by volume) of the quartz particles are ultrafine (d_p < 5 μm), demonstrating the widely-known efficiency of DAF to remove small particles when applied in the field of water and wastewater treatment. The true flotation behaviour, as a function of particle diameter (d_p), exhibits a local minimum when particles are approximately 3–5 μm in size. The results contribute to the discussion in the literature about the existence of such a minimum, which is generally interpreted as a change in the mechanism of particle collection from convection (collision) to diffusion at lower particle sizes.  相似文献   

颗粒沉降的格子Boltzmann模拟与PIV实验验证   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张金凤  张庆河  卢昭 《水科学进展》2009,20(4):480-484

在格子Boltzmann方法中引入大涡模拟,对球形颗粒在静水中沉降引起的紊动流场进行了数值模拟。数值模拟沉速与理论值以及粒子图像测速系统(PIV)实验结果吻合,验证了模型的合理性。同时分析比较了颗粒沉降过程中尾部紊动流场分布以及尾流流速值,发现数值模拟结果与实测结果趋势、数值基本一致,进一步说明了利用格子Boltzmann方法与大涡模拟技术相结合可以合理模拟泥沙颗粒在紊流区的沉降。  相似文献